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High, middle and low justices is a distinction drawn to describe descending degrees of judicial power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents dating back to Western feudalism. The scale of punishment generally matched the scale of spectacle. In France, Paul Friedland argues, "The degree of spectacle [was] originally the basis for a distinction between high and low justice", with an intermediate level of "middle justice", added around the end of the fourteenth century, to describe limited or modest spectatorship.